Dedication and Altruism 4 (Imam Hussain and Karbala)

Muawiya  died on Rajab 22, 60 AH (680 CE). In violation of Islamic tradition and his own written agreement with Hasan ibn Ali,[citation needed] Muawiya  appointed his son Yazid as his successor, converting the Caliphate into a dynasty. Few notables of the Islamic community were crucial to lending some legitimacy to this conversion of Caliphate into a dynasty, even people like Said ibn Uthman and Al Ahnaf ibn Qays denounced his Caliphate. Husain ibn Ali was the most significant threat to this dynastic rule, since he was the only living grandson of the prophet Muhammad. Yazid instructed his Governor Walid in Medina to force Husain ibn Ali to pledge allegiance to Yazid. Husain refused it and uttered his famous words that "Anyone akin to me will never accept anyone akin to Yazid as a ruler." Husain departed Medina on Rajab 28, 60 AH (680 CE), two days after Walid's attempt to force him to submit to Yazid I's rule. He stayed in Mecca from the beginnings of the Sha'ban and all of Ramadan, Shawwal, as well as Dhu al-Qi'dah. It is mainly during his stay in Mecca that he received many letters from Kufa assuring him their support and asking him to come over there and guide them. He answered their calls and sent Muslim ibn Aqeel, his cousin, to Kufa as his representative in an attempt to consider the exact situation and public opinion.